The existing pipe was in poor condition which meant there was an increased risk of a spill into the river.

CFRP is a method used to repair pipes by carbon fibre wrapping them, helping to strengthen the original structure.

Ross Grant, CWA project manager, said: “The pipe was located at the bottom of a steep embankment, so it was difficult to reach with plant and equipment. Wrapping the pipe with carbon fibre was a better solution which has also reduced the carbon footprint of the project because we’ve avoided building a new asset.

“Everything is external to the pipe - if it degrades over time then the carbon fibre wrap, which has a life expectancy of 60 years, will take over.”

The use of CFRP has been considered as a time and cost-effective rehabilitation technique to address the problems that arise from conventional methods.

The technique involves brush-blasting the original pipe in an enclosed environment. A layer of fibreglass is added to create a separation layer from the pipe. The carbon fibre is then applied to provide strength.

Steve Mason, head of operations, added: “Compared to traditional repairs, carbon fibre wrapping means there is a time saving and a reduction in the environmental impact due to reduced site construction activities.

“We have reduced the carbon impact of the project by avoiding the need to replace the pipe which is a major bonus for our net-zero ambitions.”

CWA is delivering this project for Scottish Water.